ةراﺮﳊا
.
ﻲﺗﻼﻳﻮﲢ
ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻚﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﳋا تﻼﻳﻮﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻚﻨﻜﳝ
.ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ تاﺪﺣﻮﻟا ﻊﺿاﻮﻣ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺘﻟ ﻞﻔﺳﻷ وأ ﻰﻠﻋﻷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﺗ ﺪﻗ ،ﻞﻳﻮﲢ ءاﺮﺟإ ﺪﻨﻋ
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٢٤
א
ﲔﻧﺮﻟا تﺎﻤﻐﻧ ءﺎﺸﻧإ ﻚﻨﻜﳝو .تﺎﻤﻐﻨﻟا ىﺪﺣإ ﻢﺛ
تﺎﻤﻐﻨﻟا ﻒﻟﺆﻣ
<
تادﺎﻳﺰﻟا
<
ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا
ﺮﺘﺧا
لﺎﺧدﻹ
٤
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ .ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺳﻮﳌا تﺎﻤﻐﻨﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻚﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﳋا
ﻂﻐﺿاو .(+) ﺎﻬﻠﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟ
٩
و نﻮﻜﺴﻟا وأ ﺔﻤﻐﻨﻟا ةﺪﻣ (-) ﺮﻴﺼﻘﺘﻟ
٨
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻂﻐﺿاو .
f
ﺔﻤﻐﻧ
.(
b
و
e
تﺎﻤﻐﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﺣﺎﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ) ةدﺎﺣ ﺔﻤﻐﻨﻟا ﻞﻌﳉ
#